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today we're going to talk about robotics

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on the international space station

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right now there are several types of

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robots in orbit there's a robotic arm

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that was used to construct the space

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station there's a dexterous robotic

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space handyman there's even robots that

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school children control by writing

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programs

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we'll learn about those and some pretty

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special robots here on earth

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join me as we go on board the iss to

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learn more about robotics hi i'm nasa

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astronaut tracy dyson welcome to station

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life

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we're moving out there

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right now

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thank you okay tracy we copy and that's

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good information we'll pass it along

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in this episode of station life we're

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going to talk about robotics on the

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international space station we'll hear

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from astronaut mike hopkins and what it

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takes to control the canadarm2 robotic

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arm

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we'll take a look at how robotic

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technologies from the international

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space station are helping lives right

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here on earth

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we'll have an interview with astronaut

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kara nyberg one of our most experienced

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robotic arm operators and the role

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robotics plays on the iss and hear

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stories of using cannon arm 2 to catch

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dragons among other things so don't go

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anywhere we've got a lot of robotic

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one of the things that's really

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interesting about the counter arm 2 on

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the space station is that it has the

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ability to inchworm around the space

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station it has seven joints and that

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makes it analogous to the human arm but

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it also has a symmetric design which

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means the base and the tip of the arm

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are symmetric and there's an elbow joint

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in the middle this means that what

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starts off as the base and can be then

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maneuvered and

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released once the tip has grabbed onto

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another location and then that base

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becomes the tip so imagine my arm as i

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go from here as i'm moving the arm here

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i can grab on this and release the scent

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and i can move around now this allows me

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to inch from around the space station

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and allow me to increase my range and in

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order to service things and also to do

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surveys and get the the arm around this

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iss

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like many people in the world that have

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a space passion we all want to become

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astronauts and go into space

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what i realized as i was growing up was

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that there are other areas that one can

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perform in the space program and that

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was to become a flight controller once i

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became an active flight controller i

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remember being in the mission control

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center and sitting down and

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about to do an operation which i had

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written a procedure for as the operation

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was beginning i was looking at the

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numbers on my console i was looking at

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the details of the operation and i

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suddenly looked up at the monitor and i

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saw this beautiful view of the earth

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going by and i saw the canadarm2 moving

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across this view and it just sunk in

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that this is me i'm in space i didn't

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have to be an astronaut to get into

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space i'm a flight controller and part

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of this beautiful program and i could

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see my nation's arm moving and it just

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gave me this wave of energy and i just

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re-fell in love with my work

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then of course when that happened i had

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to relock onto my numbers and focus on

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the job at hand but it was a really

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fantastic moment and i'll never forget

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that

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my name is kam bahrami i'm a robotics

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flight controller for the canadian space

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agency i'm stationed here at nasa's

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johnson space center in the robotics

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flight control group

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my responsibilities here are to support

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and execute the robotic operations on

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the space station using canada's robotic

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did you know that we call operating the

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canada arm flying the robotic arm that's

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because it's a lot like flying an

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airplane i mean it's got hand controls

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you can pitch you can yaw you can roll

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and you have to be pretty precise

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watch astronaut mike hopkins describe

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how we use the canada arm to catch cargo

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okay hey everyone yesterday we had the

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opportunity to catch the orbital one

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cygnus vehicle also known as c gordon

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fullerton

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and i'm going to take the opportunity

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today to talk about the

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controls that we use for the robotic arm

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and so we're actually down in the cupola

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right now

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and this is where we control the robotic

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arm when we go out and we grapple one of

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these vehicles like the cygnus vehicle

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that we did yesterday

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and so this is the control station and

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what you see over here on my left this

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controls the translation of the robotic

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arm

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and then over here we have rotational

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control

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and this middle computer is where we

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actually take the

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robotic arm into the different modes

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that we do have and then on our left

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over here we have a control panel for

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the various monitors so what we're doing

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when we're grappling is i'm watching on

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this monitor a basically a target on the

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vehicle and i've got an overlay on it

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that allows me to line up the robotic

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arm with that vehicle and i just drive

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right in i wanted to take advantage

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today though because we have a pretty

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special opportunity here

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to show you a unique view of the robotic

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arm and so if we look out one of the

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cupola windows here

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you can actually see the end effector of

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the robotic arm and we don't get a

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chance to look at this view very often

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in fact today we were doing an

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inspection on on the end effector and so

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if you look in the middle you can see

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those cables those are what we call the

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snares and when we go over the pin

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that's on the vehicle

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and i pull a trigger

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it causes those those uh cables those

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snares to close around that pin and

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that's how we grapple onto

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a vehicle and actually you can see up

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above as well there's that's the camera

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that is giving us that view

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and that's a pretty unique view for us

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and so just wanted to share that with

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clearly the canadian space agency's

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robotic arms are technological marvels

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in space you'll be happy to know that

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the same technologies are saving lives

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1981 marked the debut in space of one of

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canada's most iconic symbols

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canadarm

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developed for canada by macdonald

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detwiler and associates formerly spa

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aerospace the first canadarm and its

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descendants canadarm2 and dexter are in

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great part responsible for the

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successful assembly and operating of the

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international space station

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now the technology behind these robots

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is finding its way back to earth

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by the end of 2014 an estimated 24 400

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canadian women will have been diagnosed

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with breast cancer

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early detection and treatment make a

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difference and help save lives

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researchers at the center for surgical

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invention and innovation turned to

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canadarm technology to develop igar

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it is a promising platform offering

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one-stop diagnosis and treatment for

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patients with a high risk of breast

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cancer

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currently undergoing clinical trials

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igar is one of the first robots of its

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kind designed to work inside an mri

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scanner that can show the size and

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location of tumors more accurately than

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a mammogram or ultrasound scan

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thanks to its delicate and precise touch

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the robot will be able to perform

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biopsies with pinpoint accuracy analyze

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them and treat early tumors without open

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the platform will also help in detection

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and treatment of lung liver kidney and

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prostate cancers and might also be used

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thanks to canadian space robotics this

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technology is a step towards a future

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where surgeons can rely on robots to

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perform intricate medical procedures

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that will be less invasive less painful

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and will allow patients to recover

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canadian space agency

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my name is terry fong i run the human

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exploration tele robotics project of

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nasa and what we're doing is developing

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robots to improve the way that humans

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humans go further and further into space

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as they go to mars one of the big things

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that we're going to need are robots to

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help humans uh live and work when

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they're very very far away from earth

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you know if you think about being on

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mars one of the big challenges how do

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you carry out work on a surface how do

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you work outside of a habitat and so one

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of the things we're trying to do is

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create robots that can work ahead of

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humans uh robots that can work in

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support of humans and robots to follow

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up doing those things that humans need

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robots to do to finish up work i'm just

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really excited about the idea of humans

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and robots working together well frankly

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well guess who we have with us today we

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have with us none other than one of our

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most experienced robotic operators and

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leaders in the astronaut core in that

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category doctor astronaut karen nyberg

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welcome to station live thank you very

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much i don't get enough of karen we

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actually sit right next to each other

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our office desks are right next to each

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other but

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she is someone that i greatly admire for

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all of the experience that she brings to

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the international space station she has

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been part of the construction work on

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sts-124 that's correct she helped to

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bring a module let her talk about that

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in a second to and attached it to the

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space station and then she lived on

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board the space station during

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expedition 36 and 37 and did a number of

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uh

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tasks with the robotic arm at that point

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and so

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there has been

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rarely anyone else that has touched that

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robotic arm control than karen nyberg so

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please karen tell us a little bit more

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about the experience that you've had

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operating robotic arms on board the

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space station i've been very lucky i've

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gotten to do pretty much

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everything that it was designed to do

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with it um as you as you mentioned

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sts-124

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we brought up the japanese laboratory in

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the payload bay of space shuttle

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discovery and we used the canada arm

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to take it out of the payload bay

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move it around attach it to space

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station so that is one of the big tasks

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that the arm was designed to do

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originally is carry heavy or big

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and then masses

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the and kibo was one of the or we called

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kebo's the whole complex but the the

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pressurized module was is the largest

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right

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it is and talk about because you didn't

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you also on your shuttle flight operate

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the pdrs the the shuttle arm i did okay

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talk a little bit about because this is

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exciting the difference between that arm

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and the station arm in terms of the

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joints right well the the shuttle arm

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was pretty much fixed at the shoulder

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where you could have some pitch and yaw

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the station arm also has roll at the

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shoulder which adds another degree of

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freedom so you have a lot more motion

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with the arm and also you can move the

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location of the station arm yes on

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station so you can go along the truss

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and move it to different places and move

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it to the lab and they do this little

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inch worm maneuver they call it where

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they attach one side release the other

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and inch it along the station to

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different spots that's creepy but also

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kind of exciting at the same time and so

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you did this motion which what do we

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call this one the the pitch plane pitch

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plane um we can only do that with the um

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with the station arm right and that's

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also what kind of makes it exciting and

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versatile and uh dangerous at the same

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time right because you can be moving

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like this part of the arm can stay still

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and this part can be moving around right

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and uh there's just a ton of stuff you

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got to be looking out for when you i

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mean your mind is going constantly as

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you're operating that robotic arm so

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talk a little bit about your space

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station experience i know we had a

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number of cargo ships come up and they

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all require at this point a grappling of

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the arm and an operator at the other end

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which vehicles did you grapple we had uh

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htv4 arrive again japanese do big things

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big that's our biggest cargo ship

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so i was at the controls to capture that

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and we also had um orbital demo arrive

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so it was the first

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orbital sciences vehicle luca captured

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that and i was working with him um

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during that and i have to say

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of all the things i've done in my space

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flight career

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when i was at the controls of the arm

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and it was just the realization that

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that vehicle is coming in there are

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thousands of people around the world who

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are counting on nobody but you at the

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time

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to successfully capture that vehicle and

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i didn't think about it much as i was

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doing the flying but as soon as i

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finished and we confirmed that we had it

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captured i could tell my heart was about

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to come out of my chest

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it was it and it just really shows i

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mean a lot of the things you do

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you're working

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more as a team and you're always working

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as a team but for that moment when

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you're at the controls of that robotic

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arm it was it was me or nobody that's

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all yeah

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and that's that's pretty cool i mean you

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you can focus through that heart

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pounding and you're probably like

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pushing that aside i have no idea what

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that is but when it's over the flush of

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wow i just did that is

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pretty rewarding yes absolutely

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so

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four different arms we include the opss

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you have grappled

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two

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cargo ships

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you have grappled

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a robotic arm the largest element a

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pressurized element on the space station

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karen with all of this experience and

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00:18:33,830 --> 00:18:31,919
you've worked with so many different

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other individuals other astronauts

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coordinating

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these

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tasks

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what would you say was the most

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rewarding part about your robotics

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experience

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both in space and and in training for it

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i think

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it's the most rewarding thing in all of

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these robotics activities is similar to

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the most rewarding thing in everything

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we're doing when we're traveling in

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space is getting the job done and

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getting a job done well

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um and working as the team to do that

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you know during the spacewalks

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we wouldn't have been able to do the

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spacewalk activity without the

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robotic arm help so i was an important

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part of the team

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00:19:16,390 --> 00:19:14,080
capturing a vehicle we could not capture

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00:19:18,230 --> 00:19:16,400
the vehicle without the robotic arm so a

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very important part of the team

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00:19:21,430 --> 00:19:20,000
well i'd say that there's uh there's

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very little space station that would

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exist today if it were not for

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robotic arms and especially that big

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00:19:29,350 --> 00:19:28,480
canon arm 2 that we have used to move so

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many

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i just want to thank you so much for

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coming on the show today karen because

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uh this whole episode is about robotics

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and when i heard that that's what our

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00:19:46,710 --> 00:19:44,400
topic was the first person i thought of

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00:19:47,909 --> 00:19:46,720
was karen nyberg so thank you for being

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00:19:49,430 --> 00:19:47,919
here it's been a real pleasure and we

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00:20:25,750 --> 00:19:49,440
hope to have you back thanks for having

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00:20:30,149 --> 00:20:28,310
the canada arm and japanese robotic arms

404
00:20:33,110 --> 00:20:30,159
aren't the only robots we have on the

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00:20:34,710 --> 00:20:33,120
space station meet robonaut it not only

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00:20:37,270 --> 00:20:34,720
looks like a human but it's also

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00:20:39,190 --> 00:20:37,280
designed to work like one too with hands

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00:20:41,510 --> 00:20:39,200
and arms robonaut is able to use the

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00:20:44,070 --> 00:20:41,520
same tools that astronauts use in the

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00:20:46,230 --> 00:20:44,080
future robonaut may be used to perform

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00:20:49,430 --> 00:20:46,240
hazardous maintenance tasks or even

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00:21:04,070 --> 00:20:51,590
robonaut a robot meant to work with

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00:21:07,909 --> 00:21:06,470
r2's head houses not its brain but its

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00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:07,919
vision equipment

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00:21:11,590 --> 00:21:10,480
behind r2's visor are four visible light

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cameras

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00:21:15,909 --> 00:21:13,520
two to provide stereo vision for the

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00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:15,919
robot and its operators and two

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00:21:19,590 --> 00:21:17,600
auxiliary cameras

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00:21:22,390 --> 00:21:19,600
a fifth infrared camera is housed in the

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00:21:24,630 --> 00:21:22,400
mouth area for depth perception

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00:21:26,549 --> 00:21:24,640
each arm boasts seven degrees of freedom

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00:21:28,950 --> 00:21:26,559
and the strength to hold 20 pounds in

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00:21:31,350 --> 00:21:28,960
any pose in earth's gravity

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00:21:33,830 --> 00:21:31,360
each arm is approximately two feet eight

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00:21:35,350 --> 00:21:33,840
inches long giving r2 a total wingspan

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00:21:37,510 --> 00:21:35,360
of eight feet

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00:21:39,750 --> 00:21:37,520
instead of feet the robot has clamps

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00:21:41,190 --> 00:21:39,760
that allow it to latch onto and climb up

430
00:21:43,750 --> 00:21:41,200
on objects

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00:21:47,350 --> 00:21:43,760
the legs are also longer than human legs

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00:21:49,990 --> 00:21:47,360
a span of nine feet 2.7 meters and are

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00:21:52,470 --> 00:21:50,000
more flexible giving the robot more ways

434
00:21:53,590 --> 00:21:52,480
to cling to things inside or outside the

435
00:21:55,430 --> 00:21:53,600
station

436
00:21:57,510 --> 00:21:55,440
the advantage of a humanoid design is

437
00:22:00,390 --> 00:21:57,520
that robonaut can take over simple

438
00:22:02,230 --> 00:22:00,400
repetitive or especially dangerous tasks

439
00:22:03,750 --> 00:22:02,240
on places such as the international

440
00:22:05,750 --> 00:22:03,760
space station

441
00:22:07,029 --> 00:22:05,760
our experience with r2 on the station

442
00:22:09,029 --> 00:22:07,039
will help them understand its

443
00:22:17,909 --> 00:22:09,039
capabilities for possible deep space

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00:23:19,430 --> 00:22:47,430
so

445
00:23:24,070 --> 00:23:21,510
welcome back and thanks for watching

446
00:23:26,710 --> 00:23:24,080
this episode of station life

447
00:23:28,070 --> 00:23:26,720
today we learned about robots we

448
00:23:29,990 --> 00:23:28,080
wouldn't have been able to build our

449
00:23:31,270 --> 00:23:30,000
international space station without the

450
00:23:33,669 --> 00:23:31,280
canada arm

451
00:23:35,990 --> 00:23:33,679
good thing for us spin-offs developed

452
00:23:37,909 --> 00:23:36,000
from the technology are helping patients

453
00:23:39,350 --> 00:23:37,919
with neurosurgery and is now being

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00:23:40,549 --> 00:23:39,360
developed to help those with breast

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00:23:42,789 --> 00:23:40,559
cancer

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00:23:45,990 --> 00:23:42,799
we're also developing new technologies

457
00:23:47,830 --> 00:23:46,000
for robotics in space and on earth

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00:23:50,470 --> 00:23:47,840
if we're to succeed with future missions

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00:23:51,830 --> 00:23:50,480
to mars we need humans and robots

460
00:23:53,830 --> 00:23:51,840
working together

461
00:23:56,470 --> 00:23:53,840
and that's a wrap for this episode of

462
00:23:58,230 --> 00:23:56,480
station life so be sure to stay in touch

463
00:24:00,549 --> 00:23:58,240
and follow us on facebook and twitter

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00:24:04,470 --> 00:24:00,559
for the latest research news and don't

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00:24:06,950 --> 00:24:04,480
forget to download our

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00:24:09,430 --> 00:24:06,960
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